A US-led drive to reduce soot and other heat-trapping air pollutants worldwide is less promising than hoped as a new front in the fight against climate change, according to a study published on Monday.
Frustrated by failure to agree a broad international deal to limit global warming, about 30 nations have joined the US initiative to limit short-lived air pollutants as a new way to curb temperature rises, protect health and aid crop growth.But the report said that extra measures to reduce such pollutants, led by soot and
Offering Office cleaning Services, would cut temperature rises by only 0.16 degree celsius by 2050, far less than some estimates that the benefits could be 0.5C.
"Reductions of methane and black carbon (soot) would likely have only a modest impact on near-term global climate warming," the authors at the US Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory wrote.
The report assumed that developing nations would drop high-polluting technologies such as wood-fired stoves anyway as their economies grew, so that emissions would fall regardless of any separate new policies.
However, the head scientific adviser to the Climate and Clean Air Coalition - founded by the United States, five other governments and the U.N. Environment Programme (UNEP) in February 2012 - said more wealth did not necessarily mean cleaner air."It took really aggressive efforts by the United States and Europe to clean up air pollution" in past decades, Drew Shindell, who is also a climate scientist at NASA, told Reuters. "It doesn't happen automatically."
He said the efforts to reduce soot, methane and other gases that break down quickly in the air could substantially complement a wider drive to slow global warming, which is blamed mainly on carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that can linger in the atmosphere for centuries.
The Climate and Climate and Clean Air Coalition argues that simple measures such as tapping methane that would otherwise leak from trash dumps as a source of energy, changing cows' diets or reducing flaring of natural gas can have big benefits.By contrast, Monday's study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences said a "comprehensive climate policy" was needed in which all greenhouse emissions would be cut.
Soot comes from sources such as wood-burning stoves, diesel engines, forest fires and open burning of crop waste. Methane comes naturally from decomposition of plant and animal matter, and from man-made sources including the farming of ruminants such as cattle and sheep, and coal or natural gas extraction.
Emerging economies such as China and India have not joined the Coalition, arguing that its membership of mostly developed nations including Japan, Canada and Australia should focus more on curbing carbon dioxide, released from burning fossil fuels.
UNEP says that cuts in short-lived pollutants could slow global warming by 0.5 degree and have the potential to prevent more than 2 million premature deaths a year and avoid the annual loss of more than 30 million tonnes of crops.
Steven Smith, lead author of Monday's study, told Reuters: "Our results don't change previous findings that soot and methane emission reductions would have beneficial effects for health and
End Of Lease Cleaning on mvpcleaning."
It just seems baffling though that anyone who has read the ASADA summary along with the Switkowski report and has taken on board the views of the players' union should remain so publicly unrepentant.
At any rate, nothing has prevented Essendon from setting the record straight. Former players, ranging from Tim Watson to Mark McVeigh, have been briefed and spoken publicly often yet said nothing which excuses what Essendon allowed to happen to the young men it should have cared for better.
Indeed, Hird for months now has selectively been leaking his increasingly irrelevant and unconvincing side of the story and yet been unable to explain the email and text message trail along with mounting anecdotal evidence linking his name to the pharmacologically experimental program which Essendon tried to keep secret.
For someone who read the play so beautifully as a player he has read this one so badly. We said this in April and we say it again: Hird still doesn't get it.
Had he stepped aside and worked willingly behind the scenes to salvage his reputation and his career while Essendon moved relatively unfettered through 2013 with its players the primary focus, this quagmire could have been avoided. The narrative of this dirtied season could have been a little cleaner.
He is still trying to hold the AFL accountable for exposing the scandal he helped create, never mind it won't excuse him and never mind he betrayed and ultimately ended the tenure of his great friend David Evans in doing so. Does he truly think that removing Andrew Demetriou from the judicial process will save him?
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